CLA 1 Quiz Question and Answers
routine - Correct Answerhealthy person comes in for a checkup
~6 hours
timed - Correct Answergreen
given a
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asap - Correct Answerpurple
ER patient
2-4 hours
STAT - Correct Answerred
immediate/now!
Some one will die if we don't get results
medical record number - Correct Answergiven to a patient for life from a facility
account number - Correct Answertracks each visit or stay
order number - Correct Answerwhen someone completes an order
specimen number - Correct Answertracks every specimen needed to complete an order
serum - Correct Answerblood that is allowed to clot
watery part at the top that does not contain clotting factors
plasma - Correct Answerblood that goes into a tube that contains an anticoagulant
watery part at the top that still contains all clotting factors
whole blood - Correct Answerblood that goes into a tube with an anticoagulant that is not spun in a centrifuge
medical laboratory technologist - Correct Answer4 years + 2 years to specialize
medical laboratory technician - Correct Answer2 year degree
aliquot - Correct Answersecondary tube that the specimen used for testing is placed into
point of care testing - Correct Answerany test that will produce results almost immediately
add-on - Correct Answerany test that a doctory may want to add on to a specimen that has already been collected
specimen must be retrieved by CLA
ABG - Correct Answerarterial blood gas
chemistry test
always run and processed as STAT
specimen placed on ice immediately after collection
SRIC - Correct Answerionized calcium
chemistry test
cannot come into contact with air
processed in an unopened clot tube
HGBA1C - Correct Answerone of the few chemistry tests run on a lavender top tube and on whole blood
diabetic patients - measures blood sugar over a period of time
blood culture bottles - Correct Answercollected in pairs: anaerobic (no oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen)
must be collected from a sterile site (no contamination of bacteria that naturally grow on the skin)
used in microbiology department
universal blood type - Correct AnswerO-
serology - Correct Answeralso called immunohematology
assess the presence of a substance and/or disease and also studies antibody-antigen reactions
ASCP - Correct Answerthe american society of clinical pathologist
offer certification
ASCLS - Correct AnswerAmerican Society for clinical laboratory science
champion of the field
professional code of ethics and pledge to the profession
NAACLS - Correct Answernational accrediting agency for clinical laboratory sciences
educational accreditation
CLIA '88 - Correct Answerclinical laboratory improvement amendments of 1988
hire staff that is certified by a recognized professional association
goal: high quality lab results from all labs
proficiency training, management of patient testing, quality assessment programs, quality control, personnel requirements, inspections and site visits, consultations
AMT - Correct Answeramerican medical technologists
offer certification
hematology - Correct Answerstudy of blood and it's cells
collected primarily in lavender top tubes
also offers cell counts for other body fluids
examination of bone marrow
coagulation - Correct Answeralso called hemostasis
assess bleeding and clotting problems
collected primarily in light/baby blue tope tubes
sometimes part of hematology
chemistry - Correct Answertesting for general analytes in blood
quantitative analysis of body fluids (primarily serum or plasma)
collected primarily in red top tubes or SSTs
COLA - Correct Answercommission on laboratory accreditation
accredits doctors offices
private - helps labs stay in compliance with CLIA regulations
CAP - Correct Answercollege of american pathologists
accredits small and large facilities
uses teams of lab professionals as inspectors
TJC - Correct Answerthe joint commission
accredits large facilities
CMS - Correct Answercenters for medicare and medicaid services
OSHA - Correct Answeroccupational safety and health administration
protects the safety of employees
maintain a safe atmosphere through labor laws and environmental regulations
CDC - Correct Answercenters for disease control and prevention
tracks disease outbreaks
standards mandated by public health laws and reporting requiremets
FDA - Correct Answerfood and drug administration
certification and licensure requirements
waived tests - Correct Answersimple tests
low risk of error and harm
reference laboratories - Correct Answerlarger labs that perform more complex tests
not associated with a clinic or office
tests for everyone
POL - Correct Answerphysicians office laboratory
tests only for patients coming to the practice, group, or clinic
QA - Correct Answerquality assurance
what you are doing to ensure quality - process
a set of policies, practices, and procedures in place to ensure a laboratory's results are reliable
TQM - Correct Answertotal quality management
how supervisors manage to ensure quality results
monitoring programs put in place by a lab to improve services
accuracy - Correct Answerhow close a test result is to the true value (reference samples)
calibration - Correct Answercomparison of instrument measurement or reading to a known physical constant
control - Correct Answerspecimen similar in composition to the patients
value is known and testend in the same manner as the patient's
precision - Correct Answerhow close test results ore to one another when repreated
reproducibility of results
standards - Correct Answerhighly purified substances of a known composition
QC - Correct Answerquality control
tests run on machines to ensure you are producing correct results
process that monitors the accuracy and precision on results through the use of control specimens
PT or proficiency testing - Correct Answertests the accuracy and reliability of results from a lab
test samples and snd results to a PT program where they are assessed and compared to other labs
ISO 15189 - Correct Answerinternational organization for standardization
general requirements for testing and calibration
standards and guidelines that can be purchased by a lab
informed consent - Correct Answerpatient is aware of, understands, and agrees to the nature of the testing done and what will be done with the results reported
confidentiality - Correct Answerprivacy of patient information as required by HIPAA
chain of custody - Correct Answerprocess of documentation when lab test results could potentially be used in a court of law
pathologist - Correct Answerdirector of a clinical lab
PhD
HCT - Correct Answerhematocrit
HGB - Correct Answerhemoglobin
BUN - Correct Answerblood urea nitrogen
CHP - Correct Answerchemical hygiene plan
training, exposure, list of chemicals and how to handle them
CHO - Correct Answerchemical hygiene officer
serves on committee
responsible for helping to update CHP
safety officer - Correct Answerensures everything is complient
tracks incidents/exposures
trains new employees on safety standards and practices
PPE - Correct Answerpersonal protective equimment
basic: gloves, lab coat, goggles provided
isolation: add disposable lab coats and masks
high level isolation: add ventilator
CLSI - Correct Answerclinical laboratory standards institute
develop standards for the lab to follow
facilities pay a fee to get those standards sent to them (along with training materials)
hazard communication standard - Correct Answeresablished by OSHA
identification of hazards - chemical hygiene, bloodborne pathogens
MSDS - Correct Answermaterial safety data sheets
provide information an allchemicals used within a facility
HAZCOM - Correct Answerstandards for chemical hazard communication
hazard rating - Correct Answer0-4
4 = extremely hazardous
0 = no hazard
hazard identification/warning system - Correct Answeryellow - reactivity/stability, explosion, reaction - right
red - flammability top
blue - health hazards - left
white - other (radioactivity, special biohazards, etc) - bottom
TLV - Correct Answerthreshold limit values
maximum safety exposure limits
PELs - Correct Answerpermissable exposure limits
limit on the amount or concentration of a substance in the air
exposure control plan - Correct Answeroccupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens
protect the safety of lab staff
bioterrorism classifications - Correct Answera - high priority, national security issue (rarely seen in US) (3)
b - second highest priority, moderate morbidity rates (2)
c - 3rd highest priority, emerging pathogens, ease of production (1)
disinfecting solutions - Correct Answer10% bleach solution with 10 minute contact time recommended by the EPA
PEP - Correct Answerpost exposure prophylaxis
fire classifications - Correct Answera - ordinary combustibles
b - flammable liquids and gases
c - electrical equipment
d - powdered metal (combustible) materials
e - cannot be extinguished
RACE - Correct Answerrescue
alarm
confine
extinguish
PASS - Correct Answerpull the pin
aim at the base
squeeze the handle
sweep
droplet transmission - Correct Answertransfer of infectious microbe to mucus
short distance ~3'
airborne transmission - Correct Answerdroplet nuclei or dust particles that contain the infectious microorganism
require special ventiilation w/HEPA filters
common vehicle transmission - Correct Answercontaminated items such as food, water, equipment, that cause multiple cases of disease
vector transmission - Correct Answerinfectious agents carried by other agents not affected by the disease (insects, ticks)
basic QC requirement - Correct Answertwo levels of QC materials each day
reagents - Correct Answerchemicals that mix with specimen to produce a result
leevy-jennings chart - Correct Answercontrol results plotted on a chart in order to assess deviation from the mean
standard deviation is 2 slots on either side, any more is out of control
procedural changes are also noted on chart
bell shaped curve - Correct Answerplots the median at the highest point of the bell and the standard deviation sloping down on either side
delta checks - Correct Answercheck test results againts the last tests that were run
abrupt changes issue a warning
EQC - Correct Answerequivalent quality control
acceptable alternative approches to QC allowed by CMS
PPR - Correct Answerperiodic performance review
formal standards evaluation required for accreditation
Lean - Correct Answerfocus on reducing waste
eliminate activities to reduce production time
identify error prone steps and eliminate or control them
six sigma - Correct Answermetric and methodology that focuses on reducing variability
active error - Correct Answeroccurs beteen the health care worker and patient
latent error - Correct Answerrelated to organization or design of the laboratory
TTP - Correct Answertotal testing process
3 phases: preanalytical, analytical, postanalytical
sensitivity - Correct Answerproportion of cases with a specific disease or condition that give a positive test result
specificity - Correct Answerproportion of cases with the absence of the specific disease or condition that gives a negative test result
mean - Correct Answermathematical average
median - Correct Answermiddle value
mode - Correct Answermost frequently occuring value
standard deviation - Correct Answerspread or variability in a data set
confidence intervals - Correct Answerplus or minus two standard deviation
acceptable control range
shift - Correct Answersudden and sustained change in one direction of control sample results
trend or drift - Correct Answergradual change in control sample results
dispersion - Correct Answerrandom error or lack of precision increases
hierarchy of chemistry panels - Correct AnswerLYTES - 4 tests
BMP - 8 tests (sometimes called CHEM 7)
CMP - 14 tests (sometimes called CHEM 12)
INR - Correct Answerresults of a pro time test (PT)
chemistry test tube color - Correct Answerred tubes or SST
glucose tolerance test - Correct AnswerGTTF
GTT1HR, GTT2HR, etc.
chemistry test with gray top tube!
hematology test tube color - Correct Answerlavender tubes
ammonia - Correct AnswerPLNH3
green PST
chemistry
hemoglobin A1C - Correct AnswerHGBA1C
chemistry test with a lavender top tube!
ESR - Correct Answererythrocyte sedimentation rate
only hematology test that can come in a black top tube
coagulation test tube color - Correct Answerlight/baby blue
toxicology test tube color - Correct Answerred top tubes
panels that never have overlap - Correct AnswerCBC
LIPID
red top - Correct Answeradditive: none
mode of action: blood clots, serum is separated by centrifugation
uses: chemistry, immunology and serology, blood bank (crossmatch)
gold top - Correct Answeradditive: none
mode of action: sst - contains a gel at the bottom to separate blood from serum on centrifugation
uses: chemistry, immunology and serology
light green top - Correct Answeradditive: plasma separator tube (PST) with lithium heparin
mode of action: anticoagulates with lithium heparin, plasma is separated with gel at the bottom of the tube
uses: chemistry
red-gray top or yellow SST - Correct Answeradditive: SST with clot activator
mode of action: forms clot quickly and separates serum with sst gel
uses: chemistry
purple top - Correct Answeradditive: EDTA liquid
mode of action: forms calcium salts to remove calcium
uses: hematology (CBC) and blood bank (crossmatch). requires full draw. invert 8 times to prevent clotting and platelet clumping
light blue top - Correct Answeradditive: sodium citrate
mode of action: forms calcium salts to remove calcium
uses: coagulation. full draw required
dark green top - Correct Answeradditive: sodium heparin or lithium heparin
mode of action: inactivates thrombin and thromboplastin
uses: for lithium level use sodium heparin. for ammonia level use sodium or lithium heparin
light gray top - Correct Answeradditive: sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate
mode of action: antiglycolitic agent preserves glucose up to five days
uses: glucoses. requires full draw (may cause hemolysis with short draw)
black top - Correct Answeradditive: sodium citrate (buffered)
mode of action: forms calcium salts to remove calcium
uses: ESR. requires full draw [Show Less]