CHAPTER 15: FAMILIES AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to David Popenoe, social problems such as child poverty, juvenile
... [Show More] delinquency, substance abuse, and motherhood of single women are caused by: a. the decline of the traditional family b. fathers’ lack of emotional support of children c. mothers who are overprotective of their children d. the decline of the extended family e. the decline of breadwinner jobs ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 2. David Popenoe argues that “marriage must be re-established as a strong social institution” by: a. having employers not consider the family situations of employees when setting policy b. having employers provide generous parental leave c. abolishing divorce d. requiring couples to go through counseling prior to getting married e. having employers pay married employees more than single employees ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 3. David Popenoe argues that of the following, the family arrangement for children that is better than any other is: a. two parents (a father and a mother) b. two parents (two fathers or two mothers) c. an extended family that is involved in the primary socialization of the child d. a neighborhood with an activity center for children e. a stay-at-home parent who manages the household ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 4. David Popenoe argues that biological fathers make distinctive and irreplaceable contributions to their children’s welfare by: a. teaching their children to have a feeling of communion b. showing their sons that it is inappropriate for men to be involved in childrearing. c. making sure their children do not become sexually promiscuous d. showing their daughters how to properly do housework e. providing a strong male role model for sons ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 5. David Popenoe argues that what mothers teach their children is: a. the feeling of being connected to others b. self-discipline c. homework skill contact: [email protected] d. independence e. regulation of emotions ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 6. Emir and Michael live in a large house with their adopted daughter, Lilly; Emir’s son, Amid; and Michael’s aging aunt, Cecilia. Judith Stacey would describe this family as a(n): a. nontraditional family b. extended family c. blended family d. postmodern family e. stepfamily ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 7. According to the text authors, family that reflects the American family is composed of: a. an elderly woman living with her cat named “Slippers” b. college roommates who belong to the same sorority c. Joseph Washington, a single man d. Naihua and José Rivera and their two adopted daughters e. Tyrone Johnson and his neighbor Jamal Wilkenson who comes over to visit nearly every day ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 8. Of the following, the one that best characterizes the family in the United States today is: a. the dominant family structure in the United States has remained constant during the previous fifty years. b. one headed by a female, single-parent c. composed of same-sex couples who have either an adopted or a biological child d. one that has only one parent or both the husband and wife are employed e. one in which the husband is employed and the wife stays home with the children ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 9. The term for a group of people directly linked by kin connections, the adult members of which assume responsibility for caring for children is: a. kinship b. family c. marriage d. community e. nation-state ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 10. Connections between individuals who are blood relatives that are established either through marriage or the lines of descent are known as: a. kinship b. family c. marriage d. community e. nation-state ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 11. A socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called: a. kinship b. family c. marriage d. community e. nation-state ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 12. Two adults living together in a household with their own or adopted children would be called a family that is: a. nuclear b. extended c. atomic d. distended e. polyandrous ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 13. The one of the following in which close relatives other than a married couple and their children live in the same household or in a close and continuous relationship with one another is a family described as: a. nuclear b. extended c. atomic d. distended e. polyandrous ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 14. A family of orientation is a family: a. formed by two married adults and their children by previous marriages b. to which a person wishes to belong c. into which a person is born d. that one enters as an adult and within which a new generation of children is brought up e. in which the parents are homosexual ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 15. A family of procreation is one: a. of two married adults and their children by previous marriages b. to which a person wishes to belong c. into which a person is born d. that a person enters as an adult and within which a new generation of children is brought up e. in which the parents are heterosexual ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 16. A key to the development of a good marriage is a successful transferring from your “family of _______________” to your “family of _______________.” a. parents; spouses b. patriarchy; matriarchy c. function; consumption d. orientation; procreation e. matriarchy; patriarchy ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 17. A married couple living in or very near the home of the bride’s parents is in a situation that is: a. matrilocal b. patrilocal c. neolocal d. polygamous e. polyandrous ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 18. If a married couple lives near or with the parents of the groom, the pattern is called: a. matrilocal b. patrilocal c. neolocal d. polygamy e. polyandry ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 19. Reyna and her husband are starting a family and decide to move closer to her or his own family. Reyna’s family lives on the West Coast, but her husband’s family lives on the East Coast. If Reyna and her husband decide to move to the West Coast, their decision would be considered a move that is: a. matrilocal b. patrilocal c. polyandrous d. extending the family e. rational ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Applying 20. If it is illegal for a man or a woman to be married to more than one individual at a time, that system that exists is: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry e. mononucleosis ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 21. A marriage system that allows a husband or wife to have more than one spouse is called: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry e. mononucleosis ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 22. If a man is allowed to have more than one wife, the marriage system is called: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry e. mononucleosis ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 23. The situation in which a woman may be married to more than one man at a time is called: a. monogamy b. polygamy c. polygyny d. polyandry e. mononucleosis ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Remembering 24. The analyst who sees the family as meeting the social needs for primary socialization and personality stabilization is: a. Talcott Parsons b. Betty Friedan c. Ann Oakely d. Ulrich Beck e. Annette Lareau ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 25. According to Talcott Parsons, the family plays an important role in adults’ lives by giving them emotional support. Parsons called this: a. primary socialization b. the family of procreation c. personality stabilization d. the symmetrical family e. domestic division of labor ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 26. According to functionalists, the husband in the “conventional family” is the breadwinner and plays the _______________ role; the wife cares for the home and children and plays the _______________ role. a. major; minor b. supporting; leading c. nuclear; extended d. mechanical; organic e. instrumental; affective ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 27. The group of theorists that is likely to agree with the statement “Couples are seeking to be more symmetrical, but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework” is known as: a. functional b. postmodern c. feminist d. conflict e. affective individualist ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 28. The perspective that has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor, unequal power relationships, and caring activities in the family is called: a. functionalism b. Marxism c. feminism d. instrumentalism e. fundamentalism ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 29. Feminist sociologists and feminist approaches to the sociology of the family have made important contributions to our understanding of the family. Of the following issues, that one that is embedded within a feminist analysis of the family is the: a. way that the instrumental and affective roles work together for family stability b. extent to which personalities are supported and kept healthy in marriages c. virtue of nuclear families for handling the demands of industrial society d. way that families meet the basic needs of members of society and perpetuate social order e. time demand imposed by the emotional labor that is expected from women ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 30. Feminist scholars who analyze the family often refer to the second shift. Of the following scenarios, the one that best captures the meaning of this phrase is: a. a female social worker who returns home from work to drive her children to soccer practice, prepares dinner, and completes a load of laundry b. a male truck driver who works through the night to ensure that his truck arrives at the proper location at the designated time c. a woman who works two jobs to support her children, unemployed husband, and aging parents d. a divorced man who works two jobs to pay for child support, alimony, and nursing home fees for his parents e. men and women who have distinct jobs; men are employed outside the home, and women remain at home, caring for children ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Applying 31. Of the following, the one that characterizes same-sex couples in the United States is that: a. most children are adopted b. they represent about 20% of all households c. about 20% have children d. they are much less stable than different-gender couples e. they prefer “civil unions” to legal marriages ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 32. The 1996 federal legislation that gave states the power to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages from other states and defined marriage as between one man and one woman is called the: a. Marriage Matters Act b. Marriage Freedom Act c. Civil Union Act d. One Woman One Man Act e. Defense of Marriage Act ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 33. Of the following, it is true about same-sex marriages that they: a. are legal in most states in the United States b. are legal in most countries in the world. c. have experienced increasing support in the United States and abroad d. are not legal in any other country besides the United States e. have decreasing support in the United States ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 34. Children in premodern United States and Europe often: a. worked at an early age or left the family at an early age to do domestic work for others b. were betrothed at early ages c. experienced a great deal of permanence and stability d. lived in fairly large households with extended family e. were closer to their parents emotionally than today ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 35. A factor related to the impermanent nature of the family in premodern times was a: a. low rate of child mortality b. low rate of women dying in childbirth c. low rate of marriage d. high rate of overall mortality e. high rate of suicide ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 36. The following that best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the United States is: a. that family size has shrunk dramatically from the early farming years to the current urban setting b. the family currently is a well-defined, small nuclear family; in contrast, for the first 200 years of U.S. history, the family was large and extended c. the inclusion of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other members has become the norm, but was not early in the country’s history d. the relevance of the extended family, has continuously increased since the country’s founding. e. in the first 200 years of U.S. history, homes had servants but do not today. ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 37. The basis of marriage formed through personal selection and based on affection or love is: a. family arrangement b. affective individualism c. nuclear family d. extended family e. polygamy ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 38. The following characteristic that could be found within the traditional American family from colonial times to the 1950s is that: a. women had extensive leisure time and were free from the pressures of market work b. fathers were highly involved in childrearing and rarely absent from the home c. marriages were lengthy d. rates of alcoholism were low due to prohibition e. a sexual double standard (promiscuity for men; strict restriction for women) existed ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 39. Betty Friedan is an icon in the second women’s movement in the United States. In her widely read book The Feminine Mystique, she refers to “the problem with no name,” which is: a. the boredom of housewives b. domestic violence c. unemployment among minority groups d. the wage gap between male executives and female secretaries e. the pressures on males who are sole breadwinners ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 40. The one of the following that is linked to the trend in recent decades toward marrying late along with other variables is: a. the strictness of divorce laws b. women’s “retreat” from the labor force c. a decrease in the number of marriageable women because of disinterest in marriage d. a decrease in the number of marriageable men because of economic deterioration e. an increase in governmental regulations requiring premarital counseling ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 41. With respect to the changes that are occurring in the family globally, the following statement that is NOT true is that: a. clans and other kin groups are less influential b. there is a general trend toward the free choice of a spouse c. rights of women and children are more widely recognized d. there are higher levels of sexual freedom e. changes are occurring at similar rates in both urban and rural areas ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 42. According to the class argument, the person whose family would most likely be similar to a typical black doctor’s family is a: a. white doctor b. black nurse’s aide c. white nurse’s aide d. single white lawyer e. single black lawyer ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 43. Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas researched low-income women and nonmarital childbirth. They found that: a. low-income individuals tend to place an exceptionally high value on children b. poor people have unintended pregnancies because they do not understand how to use contraception and have limited sexual education c. low-income individuals place a low value on marriage d. poor people see marriage as a mechanism of government oppression e. nonmariatal childbearing is actually more common among the middle class but is just not discussed ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 44. Annette Lareau found significant variation in childrearing practices rooted in: a. race b. ethnicity c. social class d. gender e. income ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 45. The group that has a strong commitment to family interdependence, networks of family and friends that help members financially, and higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites is composed of: a. Mexican Americans b. Puerto Ricans c. Cuban Americans d. Native Americans e. Asian Americans ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 46. The group that has the highest rate of intermarriage is composed of: a. Asian Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanic Americans d. African Americans e. white Americans ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 47. Compared with other Latinos, the Hispanic group with more wealth in family business ownership, lower levels of fertility, and low levels of nonmarital fertility is composed of: a. Mexican Americans b. Puerto Ricans c. Cuban Americans d. Salvadoreños e. Peruvian Americans ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 48. In the age group of 25 to 47, far fewer African American than white women are married and living with a husband. A factor that contributes to this situation is that: a. African Americans have high marriage rates coupled with high divorce rates, so marriages do not last b. African Americans have more difficulty with monogamy than whites c. African Americans do not value marriage d. inner cities today have conditions of poverty and unemployment e. a shortage of “marriageable” African American women exists ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 49. The following who are more likely than others to exhibit characteristics of extended kinship are: a. African American families b. colonial-period white families c. Victorian-era white families d. white families in the 1990s e. same-sex couples ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 50. An advantage that female-headed African American families have over female-headed white families is that: a. African American women are more likely to receive government assistance b. the high unemployment rate among African American families has made them stronger c. female-headed African American families have more extended kinship relationships d. white women are more likely to kidnap and physically abuse their children e. single white mothers face reverse discrimination in the labor market and thus have more difficulty getting jobs than single African American mothers ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 51. The one of the following that rose rapidly in the United States from the 1960s to the late 1970s, peaking in 1980 is the: a. marriage rate b. divorce rate c. number of extended families d. acceptance of same sex marriage e. childbearing rate ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 52. Of the following, a reason that divorce rates have risen over the past few decades is that: a. generous alimony laws give women economic incentives to divorce b. people do not have the patience to commit to each other like those in previous generations c. most people in contemporary society place a low value on marriage d. people getting married are older and are more set in their ways and have difficulty compromising e. except for the wealthy, marriage today has less to do with handing down property and status from generation to generation ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 53. Of the following factors, the one that increases the likelihood that a person will get a divorce at some point in his or her life is: a. being highly educated b. having children early in the marriage c. having high income d. bearing children outside of marriage e. not cohabiting prior to marriage ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 54. Diane Vaughan’s 1986 study, Uncoupling, found that one partner is often more dissatisfied with a relationship and begins to explore his or her options, including separation or divorce. She refers to this person as the: a. malcontent b. “bad guy” c. initiator d. cause of the problem e. manipulator ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 55. In postdivorce situations: a. income for both men and women increases b. income for both men and women decreases c. income for men increases and for women decreases d. income for men decreases and for women increases e. the economic situation of men and women is similar to the situation prior to the divorce. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 56. Although their studies may not be representative of the population as a whole, Judith Wallerstein and her colleagues found that most children of divorced parents: a. resented their parents and often had severed relationships with one or both parents by adulthood b. needed counseling but refused to seek it c. were better off financially than children whose parents did not divorce d. were coping reasonably well after 5 years e. were able to put their parents’ divorce behind them and were confident it would not affect their future relationships ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 57. Of those of the same age group, the more likely to get married are: a. people who have never been married compared with people who have been married and divorced b. people who have been married and divorced compared with people who have never been married c. poor people compared with rich people d. divorced women compared with divorced men e. African Americans compared with white Americans ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 58. An accurate description of the pattern(s) of remarriage among divorced people is that: a. women have a higher probability of remarrying than do men b. statistically, the divorce rate among second marriages is higher than for first marriages c. people who have never been married are more likely to marry than divorced men and women d. the vast majority have no interest in ever marrying again e. remarriages tend to be less satisfying than first marriages ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 59. A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent is a(n): a. nuclear family b. extended family c. postmodern family d. single-parent family e. stepfamily ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 60. Research shows that _______________ suffer more negative effects from stepfamily life whereas _______________ suffer more negative effects from single-parent family life. a. boys; girls b. girls; boys c. boys; boys also d. girls; girls also e. teenagers; adult children. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 61. The percentage of children who are abused by their parents (as opposed to being abused by others) is: a. 50% b. 30% c. 80% d. 60% e. 100% ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 62. The most common type of child abuse is: a. neglect b. physical abuse c. emotional maltreatment d. sexual abuse e. abandonment ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 63. When couples live together without being married, they are participating in: a. engagement b. cohabitation c. monogamy d. polyandry e. polygamy ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Remembering 64. A trend that is apparent with respect to cohabitation is that: a. the vast majority of people who cohabit today are doing so to make sure they are compatible for marriage b. most cohabitating unions are as stable as marriages c. cohabitation is a passing fad in American culture and has dramatically declined in recent years d. few people who cohabit ultimately marry e. cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is increasing in Nordic countries as well as in the United States. ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 65. Most young people see cohabitation as: a. incest b. sexual abuse c. domestic violence d. a way to spend more time with a partner e. a civil union ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 66. In research by Larry Bumpass et al. (1991), a reason that couples gave for cohabiting is NOT: a. as an alternative to marriage b. to ensure compatibility before marriage c. to share expenses d. to have more independence e. to have less commitment ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 67. Cohabiting couples are increasing in the United States. Of the following people in cohabiting unions, the one most likely to marry is: a. an African American couple in which the man completed high school but the woman dropped out of school in the ninth grade b. a childless couple who are both physicians c. a low-income couple who have two children d. a white man and woman who dropped out of high school e. a first-generation Hispanic man and woman who rely on their parents for financial support ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 68. Those more likely to divorce at some point in the life cycle are people: a. whose parents never divorced b. with children under the age of 12 c. who marry at an older age d. with children e. who cohabit more than once before marriage ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 69. Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin an independent life, in previous generations, young people left home: a. to avoid domestic violence b. because their parents evicted them c. to get married d. following their parents’ divorce e. when the youngest sibling started college ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Understanding 70. The statement concerning single-parent households that is NOT true is that: a. the majority of single-parent households are headed by men b. more than half of widowed mothers are home owners c. most single-parent households today are a result separation or divorce d. many single parents still face social disapproval e. single parents are among the poorest groups in contemporary society ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding TRUE/FALSE 1. Monogamy is the most common form of marriage in the world as a whole. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Understanding 2. Same sex marriage is illegal all around the world. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 3. The predominant form of the family in premodern western Europe was the extended family. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Remembering 4. The American family of the colonial period was the model of stability with most marriages lasting at least 25 years. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 5. In some places in the world, the extended family is being rejuvenated or taking new forms. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 6. The average age at which a person marries has increased in the last 20 years. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 7. There are few differences in extended family relationships between blacks and whites. ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 8. Children born to unmarried mothers are more likely than those born to married mothers to live in poverty. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 9. Chinese Americans have lower levels of nonmarital fertility than non-Hispanic whites. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 10. Kinship ties are more prominent for Native Americans who live in cities than on reservations. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 11. Mexican American families primarily live in multigenerational households. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 12. The experience of divorce is the same for men and women. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 13. A continuing relationship with both parents following divorce helps children cope better with the separation. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Understanding 14. According to a 1985 study by Murray Strauss, women reported perpetrating more violent acts than men. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 15. Statistics on spousal abuse vary greatly, depending on the population that is surveyed. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 16. Cohabitation is decreasing in many European countries. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Remembering 17. The increasing rates of cohabitation began among low-educated groups in the 1950s. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Remembering 18. On May 17, 2004, the nation’s first legal same-sex marriage was performed in Massachusetts. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering 19. In modern societies, fewer people live alone than previously. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Remembering 20. About half of all children spend some time in a single-parent family. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Remembering ESSAY 1. Highlight the differences between David Popenoe’s and Judith Stacey’s explanations on family form and structure. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Basic Concepts OBJ: Learn how sociologists define and describe families. MSC: Analyzing 2. What is the feminist critique of the functionalist view of the “conventional” family and its specialized roles? ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Understanding 3. In the past, marriage and the family had a primarily economic role. In modern societies, that role is being replaced by intimacy and communication as the foundation of the marriage relationship. Discuss the implications of this change in terms of the numerous other changes in marriage and the family that take place as societies continue to change and develop. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Difficult REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Analyzing 4. Describe the three phases in the development of the family from the 1500s to the 1800s according to Lawrence Stone. Do you think that the third phase characterizes American families today? Explain. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Difficult REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Creating 5. Trace the changes that have occurred in the family as an institution over the past 500 years. Focus particularly on Stephanie Coontz’s account of the history of the family in the United States since colonial times. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Family OBJ: Review the development of sociological thinking about families. Learn how the family has changed over the last five hundred years. MSC: Analyzing 6. What factors account for the trend toward marrying at an older in the United States in recent decades? Explain. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Analyzing 7. Analyze Annette Lareau’s observations about child-rearing practices as related to social class. What are the implications of “concerted cultivation” and “accomplishment of natural growth”? ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Difficult REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Creating 8. What are the effects of divorce on children? Be sure to put them in the context of sociological research on this topic. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Analyzing 9. “Violence within families is primarily a male domain,” according to the text. How do you reconcile this statement with research by Murray Straus (1985) that women report that they commit about the same number of “violent acts” as men? ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Difficult REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Evaluating 10. Discuss the same-sex marriage movement in the United States, including important legislation and judicial rulings. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Analyzing 11. Explain the relationship between cohabitation and divorce. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Analyzing 12. Evaluate the evidence for and against the claim that women are “giving up on marriage.” ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Medium REF: Unanswered Questions OBJ: Recognize alternatives to traditional marriage and family patterns. MSC: Creating 13. What is the relationship between single parenthood and poverty? Does single parenthood cause poverty, or does poverty cause single parenthood? Provide arguments for both positions. ANS: Answers may vary. DIF: Difficult REF: Research on Families Today OBJ: Learn about patterns of marriage, childbearing, and divorce. Analyze how these patterns today differ from those of other periods. MSC: Creating [Show Less]