BIOS 105 Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology
BIOS 105 Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology With Lab MIDTERM EXAM
Question 1.1. (TCO
... [Show More] 8) Preparing the body for the fight-or-flight response during threatening situations is the role of the (Points : 2)
cerebrum.
parasympathetic nervous system.
somatic nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
afferent nervous system.
Question 2.2. (TCO 8) The gap between two communicating neurons is termed (Points : 2)
synaptic cleft.
effector.
node of Ranvier.
cell body.
Schwann cell.
Question 3.3. (TCO 8) A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n) (Points : 2)
afferent neuron.
association neuron.
satellite cell.
glial cell.
efferent neuron.
Question 4.4. (TCO 8) Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the (Points : 2)
tympanic membrane.
ossicles.
oval window.
pinna.
auricle.
Question 5.5. (TCO 8) An ear infection following an illness, such as a cold, has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the (Points : 2)
outer ear.
semicircular canals.
middle ear.
eardrum.
inner ear.
Question 6.6. (TCO 9) Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called (Points : 2)
beta cells.
alpha cells.
theta cells.
gamma cells.
delta cells.
Question 7.7. (TCO 9) Insulin causes (Points : 2)
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose.
an increase in blood pressure.
an increase in the concentration of blood glucose.
a decrease in blood pressure.
an increase in the production of glucagon.
Question 8.8. (TCO 9) Growth hormone (Points : 2)
is produced by the thyroid gland.
is secreted by the thymus gland.
results in Cushing's disease if produced in excess.
prevents urine production.
promotes growth in long bones and skeletal muscles.
Question 9.9. (TCO 7) A sarcomere is (Points : 2)
the contractile unit between two Z discs.
a compartment in a myofilament.
the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope.
the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle.
the area between two intercalated discs.
Question 10.10. (TCO 6) There are _____ vertebrae in the neck region. (Points : 2)
five thoracic
five lumbar
seven cervical
seven lumbar
twelve thoracic
Question 11.11. (TCO 5) Which of the following is a vital function of the skin? (Points : 2)
It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body
It aids in desiccation
It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases
It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D
The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy
Question 12.12. (TCO 4) The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called (Points : 2)
connective tissue.
brain tissue.
nervous tissue.
muscle tissue.
epithelial tissue.
Question 13.13. (TCO 3) Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue? (Points : 2)
Movement is voluntary and cells possess striations
Movement is involuntary and cells possess striations
Multinucleate and long, cylindrical cells
Single nucleus and spindle-shaped cells
Attached to the skeleton
Question 14.14. (TCO 2) Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of _____ in an atom. (Points : 2)
protons and neutrons
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons and electrons
Question 15.15. (TCO 1) Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area in the brain represent? (Points : 2)
Stimulus
Afferent pathway
Effector
Efferent pathway
Control center
Question 16.16. (TCO 1) Match the following anatomical terms to their meaning.
(Points : 8)
Potential Matches:
1 : toward the side
2 : behind
3 : below
4 : in front of
5 : close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
6 : above
7 : farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
8 : toward the midline
Answer
3
: Inferior
2
: Dorsal
1
: Lateral
7
: Distal
8
: Medial
6
: Superior
5
: Proximal
4
: Ventral
Question 17.17. (TCO 1) Match the function to the body system.
(Points : 6)
Potential Matches:
1 : nervous system
2 : integumentary
3 : lymphatic system
4 : skeletal system
5 : urinary system
6 : muscular system
Answer
3
: Houses the cells involved in immunity
5
: Regulation of water and electrolytes
1
: Activates muscles in response to external stimuli
4
: Stores minerals
6
: Maintains posture
2
: Synthesizes Vitamin D
Question 18.18. (TCO 3) Match the following.
(Points : 8)
Potential Matches:
1 : packages substances for release from the cell
2 : captures energy to produce ATP
3 : lipid bilayer
4 : the cell’s membrane factory
5 : contains the genetic material of the cell
6 : Site of protein synthesis
7 : involved in cell motility
8 : ribosomes are assembled here
Answer
2
: Mitochondria
3
: Plasma membrane
8
: Nucleoli
6
: Ribosomes
1
: Golgi Apparatus
7
: Microfilaments
4
: Rough ER
5
: Nucleus
Question 19.19. (TCO 4) Match the following.
(Points : 4)
Potential Matches:
1 : specialized to contract, or shorten
2 : fit closely together to form sheets
3 : has an extracellular matrix
4 : irritability is a main function of this tissue
Answer
3
: Connective tissue
2
: Epithelial tissue
4
: Nervous tissue
1
: Muscular tissue
Question 20.20. (TCO 6) Match the following.
(Points : 5)
Potential Matches:
1 : pivot joint
2 : plane joint
3 : condyloid joint
4 : ball and socket joint
5 : hinge joint
Answer
2
: Wrist joint
4
: Shoulder joint
1
: Elbow joint
3
: Knuckle joint
5
: Joint between axis and atlas
Question 21.21. (TCO 7) Match the following.
(Points : 5)
Potential Matches:
1 : light band
2 : sarcomere
3 : actin
4 : sarcolemma
5 : dark band
Answer
2
: The functional unit of muscle contraction
3
: Thin filaments
1
: Contains only actin filaments
5
: Both actin and myosin are found in this band
4
: Plasma membrane of muscle cells
Question 22.22. (TCO 8) Match the following.
(Points : 8)
Potential Matches:
1 : convey impulses toward the cell body of a neuron
2 : a living barrier between capillaries and neurons
3 : phagocytic cells that dispose of debris
4 : protects and insulates nerve fibers
5 : the junction between an axon terminal and the next neuron
6 : conduct impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
7 : from the myelin sheath
8 : gaps in the myelin sheath
Answer
6
: Axon
1
: Dendrite
4
: Myelin
8
: Node of Ranvier
5
: Synapse
7
: Schwann cells
3
: Microglia
2
: Astrocytes
Question 23.23. (TCO 8) Match the following actions with the appropriate hormone.
(Points : 6)
Potential Matches:
1 : thymosin
2 : antidiuretic hormone
3 : glucagon
4 : growth hormone
5 : prolactin
6 : calcitonin
Answer
5
: Stimulates milk production
2
: Promotes water retention
4
: Stimulates growth of bone and muscles
3
: Increases blood glucose levels
6
: Lowers blood calcium levels
1
: Programs T lymphocytes
Question 24. 24. (TCO 2) Discuss the major properties of water that make it so vital to the proper functioning of the body. (Points : 10)
The water has very high heat capacity which allows it to maintain the body's internal temperature. And water has polarity which is allows it to act as a solvent for chemical reactions. Also the water provides cushioning for the internal organs.
Question 25. 25. (TCO 4) Because epithelial tissues have no blood supply, how do these tissues receive nourishment? (Points : 10)
As epithelial tissues have no blood supply, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the capillaries.
Question 26. 26. (TCO 7) What are the pathways for regeneration of ATP during muscle contraction? (Points : 10)
Once muscle contraction starts the regeneration of ATP must occur rapidly. There are three primary sources of ATP regeneration:
1) Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate.
2) Aerobic respiration
3) Anaerobic glycolysis
Question 27. 27. (TCO 9) Distinguish between steroid hormone action and nonsteroid hormone action. (Points : 10)
A steroid hormone is typically synthesized from cholesterol and is lipid soluble. A non-steroid hormone is very commonly amino acid based and is not lipid soluble. A steroid hormone will actually enter the target cell and act directly on the DNA of the cell. A non-steroid hormone will land on a receptor on the cell surface, but not enter the cell. In this case a second messenger will carry out the work, but the hormone stays outside the cell. [Show Less]