2022 TEAS LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Upper respiratory tract consists of - nose
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx
larynx
lower respiratory tract consists of -
... [Show More] trachea
lungs
bronchial tree
airway consists of - nose
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchial network
what is the function of alveoli? - allows for exchange of gas
the right lung has how many lobes? - 3
left lung has how many lobes? - 2
what is the function of pleural membrane? - reduces friction when you breath
what are the respiratory muscles? - diaphragm
intercostal muscles
what are the functions of respiratory system? - - supply O2 through body
- get rid of CO2
- filters air
- speech
- smell (think chemoreceptors)
- helps maintain homeostasis
Hyper or Hypoventilation: increases blood pH (acidosis) - Hyperventilation
Hyper or Hypoventilation: decreases blood pH (alkalosis) - Hypoventilation
Inhalation or Exhalation?
- diaphragm contracts, moves down, increasing chest cavity, pressure decreases
- outside air is under more pressure than air inside lungs - inhalation
Inhalation of exhalation?
- diaphragm/intercostals relax, chest cavity decreases
- controlled by medulla oblongata - exhalation
_________________________________ monitors the level of CO2 in blood, signals
breathing rate when levels are too high - medulla oblongata
circulatory system consists of what 3 major parts? - - blood
- blood vessels
- heart
___________, this system cleans up excess fluids and proteins, returning them to
circulatory system - lymph vascular system
name the walls of blood vessels: - tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
function of blood: - - helps maintain internal environment by carrying raw materials
- removes waste
- helps stabilize pH
- hold 5qts of blood
blood is composed of: - RBC
WBC
platelets
plasma
function of red blood cells: - transports o2 to cells
how long can RBC live up to? - 4 months
where does RBC form? - in bone marrow
function of WBC: - defend against infection
removes wastes
forms platelets for coagulation
name 5 types of WBC - N.E.M.B.L
neutrophils
eosinophils
monocytes
basophils
lymphocytes
heart is made of what tissue? - cardiac muscle tissue
this tissue is "self-exciting" - cardiac muscle tissue
what separates the atrium from ventricle? - atrioventricular valve
___________________ prevent backflow - valves
the heart has how many chambers? - 4
what is the function of the sinoatrial node "cardiac pacemaker"? - - generates
electrical signals through purkinje fibers, stimulating contraction to fill R ventricle with
blood
- SA node transmits signal to right ventricle through AV valve (tricuspid)
- R ventricle contracts
- AV valve closes, pulmonary semilunar valve opens
- blood pumped out of arteries to lungs
- blood from lungs fills left atrium
- mitral valve (bicuspid) opens, blood fills ventricle
- mitral valve closes and aortic semilunar valve opens
- left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped out of aorta and to rest of body
circulation: blood to heart - coronary
circulation: blood between heart and lungs - pulmonary
circulation: blood to entire body - systemic
circulation:
flow of blood from digestive system to liver, then heart - portal
circulation: flow of blood between heart and kidneys - renal
Name all the types of circulation systems: - coronary
pulmonary
systemic
portal
renal
arteries or arterioles: where adjustments are made in blood delivery - arterioles
What are capillary beds? - diffusion sites for exchanges between blood and
interstitial fluid
capillary, artery or vein?
thinnest wall of any blood vessel - capillary bed
capillary beds merge into _________________ then _______________ - venuoles,
veins
artery or vein: transports blood from body tissues back to the heart - veins
what is the function of lymphatic system? - - to return excess tissue fluid to the blood
stream
- return of protein from capillaries
- transport of fats from digestive tract
Lymph vascular system consists of:
lymph _________
lymph _______
lymph __________ - lymph capillaries
lymph ducts
lymph vessels
Lymphoid organs consist of: - - lymph nodes
- spleen
- appendix
- adenoids
- thymus
- tonsils
function of spleen: - - filters blood stores of RBC and macrophages
- filters unwanted materials from blood
- fights infection
function of thymus: - secretes hormones, is the major sign of lymphocyte production
blood vessels are connected to the spleen by what _____________ ____________ -
splenic sinuses
name some peritoneal ligaments that support the spleen - - gastrolineal ligament
- lienorenal ligament
- phrenicocolic ligament
Functions of the gastrointestinal system: - - movement
- secretion
- digestion
- absorption
________________ in saliva help initiate breakdown of starches - enzymes
stomach functions: - - mixing and storing food
- dissolving and degrading food via secretions
- passage of food into small intestine
where does protein digestion begin? - in the stomach
what helps make nutrients available for absorption? - stomach acid
smooth muscle moves food through _________________ - peristalsis (contracting
and relaxing)
what is the largest organ? - liver
what is the largest gland? - liver
how much does an average liver weigh? - 3lbs.... [Show Less]