____ is an integrated system developed by hospitals for the prevention and control of areas of potential liability.
risk management
The right to pe... [Show More] rform certain activities within an institution is a _____.
privilege
When unexpected events occur that have, or could have, compromised patient safety, a systematic investigatory process takes place. Significant information is gained through this meticulous exploration. The primary motive for carrying out a root cause analysis is to:
find out what needs to take place to prevent a recurrence of the event.
As defined by the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the surgical assistant may provide aid in all of the following functions that help the surgeon carry out a safe operation with optimal results for the patient, EXCEPT _____.
postoperative evaluations
____ is a term that refers to permission being given for an action.
consent
Criminal negligence is _____.
reckless disregard for the safety of another.
Who is responsible for checking diagnostic tests, such as X-rays and CT scans, to confirm the proper area or side before an incision is made?
surgeon
Credentialing of AHPs (allied health professionals) is influenced by? Select all that apply.
a. state regulations
b. scope of practice
c. institutional policy
d. medical bylaws
e. regulatory compliance
Which of the following reflects the basic values for health care practice?
all of these
Ethics is an attempt to define right and wrong based upon ____.
beliefs
Credentialing and granting of practice privileges is a _____ process
Legal
Morbidity and mortality may be greater with penetrating trauma because identification of injuries may be more difficult when injuries are less obvious. In the case of an adult victim with a low-velocity, low-caliber gunshot wound, at far range, of the anterior left quadrant of the lower abdomen, what is the MOI and description of the possible injuries?
Penetrating; small entrance wound, puncture of the anterior wall of the sigmoid colon, no disruption of vessels, and bullet not found in pelvis
The occurrence of perioperative mortality in geriatric surgical patients is influenced by several evidence-based factors. Select the patient most at risk for perioperative mortality.
Janice, age 70, scheduled for an emergency bowel resection with an ASA class IV
Fluid and electrolytes play a key role in _____;
I:maintaining homeostasis
II:transporting oxygen
III:blood clotting
IV:maintaining temperature
i, ii, iii, iv
Age-related skin changes include a thinning epidermis and decreased subcutaneous fat and elasticity. What special consideration should the first assistant provide to avoid skin injuries?
Gently lift, not slide, the patient to and from the OR bed.
The immature blood-brain barrier and decreased protein binding in infants increase their sensitivity to which group of drugs?
Opioids and hypnotics
For the greatest concentration of antibiotic prophylaxis, the infusion should end within ___ hours of incision?
1
A number of screening tools have been developed to accurately establish biologic age. One tool, the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), is a multidimensional evaluation that scrutinizes medications, functional ability, co-morbid conditions, cognitive ability, mental function, nutritional status, and socioenvironmental factors. In geriatric medical studies, the CGA has been valuable in providing a metric for describing healthy aging and _____.
identifying at-risk individuals.
Traumatic deaths may occur in three phases, or time frames. The first phase occurs immediately after the injury, the second phase within the first 1 to 2 hours after the injury, and the third phase occurs days to weeks after the injury. Approximately 30% of total fatalities from trauma could be prevented with definitive trauma care, including appropriate and aggressive resuscitation with rapid transport to an appropriate facility. Which phase, or timeframe, of potential for trauma death, does this group represent?
Phase II
Preexisting pulmonary disease increases the risk of perioperative pulmonary complications. Which condition presents the most significant risk factor?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
_____ is the most frequently acquired nosocomial infection.
urinary tract infection
What non-antimicrobial strategies are important to decrease the risk of postoperative infection?
All of the above
A 49-year-old female long-distance runner with dysfunctional uterine bleeding was scheduled for a hysteroscopy. During the procedure, sterile saline was used to expand the intrauterine compartment and enhance visualization. The infiltration to the uterus and fluid collected as drainage from the uterus was monitored. The first assistant was concerned that approximately 500 ml of fluid was unaccounted for. The motive for this surveillance was to:
determine the potential for intravascular uptake of fluid or third spacing.
The brain and red blood cells relay almost exclusively on a steady supply of _____ to function.
Glucose
As the pediatric cardiac team prepared to cannulate for a coarctation repair, their neonate patient presented with a sudden dysrhythmia, ectopy, and failure to respond to digitalis. Point-of-care serum electrolyte measurements revealed low potassium, sodium, and magnesium levels. On anesthesia induction, only 35 minutes earlier, these values were at normal levels and the patient status was secure. The electrolyte levels were treated to normal and the patient was cannulated and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. As the procedure continued the team pondered the cause to prevent a recurrence. What possible event could have caused, or contributed to, this loss of electrolytes?
Sterile water from back table switched with heparinized saline [Show Less]
