PSYC101 / PSYC 101 Module 4 – General
Psychology (Latest 2026/2027 Update) |
Verified Questions & Correct Answers |
Grade A | Portage Learning
2026
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/ 2027 Academic Year
Q: In a study described in the textbook, people read passages that put them in the middle of
scenes with objects spread around them. They read, for example, "Directly behind you at eye
level is an ornate lamp attached to the balcony wall." When asked to recall the details of the
scenes, participants
Answer
took more time to say what objects were behind them.
Q: The "hiker puzzle," which is presented in the textbook, illustrates the point that
Answer
the way a problem is represented will affect its difficulty.
Q: First proposed by the philosopher H. Paul Grice, ________ is an overarching rule of
audience design.
Answer
the cooperative principle
Q: Which of the following is an example of judgment?
Answer
Answer
She didn't think their marriage would work.
Q: A review of the research on the ability of people to engage in deductive reasoning
would lead you to the conclusion that
Answer
the use of deductive reasoning is affected by one's specific knowledge and representational
resources.
Q: Your teacher is trying to get the class to use analogical problem solving. When he gives
you a problem to solve by analogical reasoning, you will increase your chances of being
successful by
Answer
using past experiences with similar problems.
Q: In an experimental psychology class, the students watch a rat run from the start box to
a goal box in a maze that has been set up to allow only left-hand turns. The rat's behavior
reminds the students of problem solving. In this context, the maze would be equivalent to
the
Answer
problem space
Q: An executive's chair has begun to wobble because a screw has gotten a little loose, so
he calls the maintenance department. His inability to realize that a dime from his pocket
could also be used as a screwdriver is an example of
Answer
functional fixedness
Q: People engaged in analogical problem solving will try to remember similar problems
they have experienced in the past and solutions that were successful.
Answer
true
Q: Research on the way decisions are framed suggests that framing in terms of gains leads
to better decision making than framing in terms of losses.
Answer
false
Q: Several decades ago, the gap between the IQ scores of African Americans and White
Americans was estimated to be about 15 IQ points. Research from 2002 suggests that in 30
years that gap closed by about ________ points.
Answer
4 to 7
Q: One consequence of the large-scale use of intelligence testing in the United States was
that
Answer
the public came to accept that intelligence tests could differentiate people in terms of
socially important characteristics.
Q: Studies exploring the correlations between IQ scores of individuals on the basis of
their degree of genetic relationship have found that
Answer
identical twins reared apart show higher correlations than fraternal twins reared together.
Q: You are sitting in your time machine, trying to decide what date and location to set.
You want to go back to the earliest time and place that assessment was widely used. You
should set the dial to send you back about ________ years to the country of ________.
Answer
4,000; China
Q: Due in part to the advocacy of psychologists such as Henry Goddard, it became
national policy in 1924 to administer intelligence tests for the purpose of making decisions
concerning the
Answer
suitability of immigrants.
Q: A student has just about finished writing a term paper on the scientific study of
intelligence and now must come up with a concluding statement. If he wants to draw a
conclusion with which most psychologists would agree, he should say that
Answer
there is a difference of opinion about the nature of intelligence.
Q: Terman explored the popular myth that gifted children have problems with social and
emotional adjustment. He found
Answer
his sample to be better adjusted than their less gifted peers.
Q: A person taking the WAIS-IV would receive a
Answer
Full Scale IQ and four additional scale scores.
Q: Howard Gardner's concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence are related
to the concept of emotional intelligence, or EI.
Answer
true
Q: A person is diagnosed as having a learning disorder when they demonstrate a large
discrepancy between their achievement and measured IQ, due to such factors as low
motivation or physical problems such as visual deficits.
Answer
false
Q: Which attachment style is the result of the caregivers' inconsistent level of response to
their child?
Answer
Resistant attachment
Q: According to the Social Learning Theory, which factor influences gender identity
development the most?
Answer
Environment
Q: Infant temperament is influenced by heredity and is somewhat predictive of
personality later in life.
Answer
True
Q: The theory that development occurs in unique stages is referred to as:
Answer
Discontinuous Development
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, we experience how many
stages of development over our lifespan?
Answer
8
The gender and sexuality spectra encompass (choose all that apply):
Answer
*biological sex
*gender presentation
According to Carol Dweck's (2007) longitudinal study on mindset with middle school
children, there was a steady rate of improvement across the two years observed with those
students that had a:
Answer
Growth mindset
Your more knowledgeable other (MKO) is correlated with your achievement motivation.
Answer
True
Which of the following emotions are considered universal basic emotions? (choose all that
apply)
Answer
*Disgust
*Happiness
*Surprise
Mark has worked several years at the local bakery, where he has both baked and decorated
cakes for various events and parties. He has recently decided to open his own business,
where he plans to bake cakes for parties and weddings. Mark's confidence that he will be
successful in his new business endeavor is known as:
Self-Efficacy
Women and men differ in their regulation of their emotions.
True
Many schools of thought on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are based on Lazarus'
Theory.
True
People who see someone who appears angry are likely to _____ the angry person.
avoid
The effects that one's emotions have on other people refer to the ____ functions of
emotions.
interpersonal
All of the following are functions of emotions EXCEPT
rationalizing past behavior
In a popular movie about the Mafia, the head of the family chastises one of his sons, Sonny,
for letting other people know what he was thinking and feeling. "Never let anyone outside
the family know what you are thinking," the Mafia boss says to Sonny. From an emotions
perspective, the father is speaking about _________.
display rules
Which of the following is NOT a basic emotion?
Guilt
Emotions serve a cultural function. One such function is to:
guide how people ought to feel in various situations
The physiological reaction we feel when we experience fear is due to the activity of the
____ nervous system.
Sympathetic
Emotions have
physiological and cognitive elements
Emotions prepare us for behavior by _____ various systems such as attention, memory,
and motivation.
coordinating
The ____ function of emotion refers to the effect of one's person's emotions on other
people or on the relationships between people.
interpersonal
Jacinta believes that people who are military veterans are all brave, honorable, and
respectable. These beliefs represent a(n) ______ that she has for veterans.
attitude
In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroencephalograph (EEG)
and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and
alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of
analysis has this scientist made his observations?
physiology
The fact that none of us are alone in the world - that we are all affected by others and, in
turn, affect others - is the emphasis of the study of _____.
social psychology
What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and
about the social world?
social cognition
Devin is interviewing candidates to work at the cash register in his convenience store. When
Margaret applies, she indicates on her application that she has been in rehab for drug
addiction, and that she has been clean and sober for over 3 years. Devin decides not to hire
her, because he thinks people with drug habits are not trustworthy. Devin's actions are
demonstrating ______.
discrimination
The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the
psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person.
attraction
Shortly after she gets to her new college, 2500 miles away from home Tomasa goes to the
school's activity fair to find some groups to join. She immediately signs up to audition for
two different musical clubs, which are her interest. Her desire to join these groups may help
to satisfy her need to _____.
belong
Complementary views for assessing and understanding a phenomenon in psychology are
referred to as levels of _____, and they range from the most general to the most specific.
analysis
Prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination:
can occur independently but are related
Rueben is in a biology class and the professor tells the students to find a lab partner.
Rueben immediately approaches an Asian classmate because he believes that all Asian
students are naturally good in math and science. Rueben's mental shortcut is an example of
a(n) ______.
stereotype
______ is the tendency to change one's attitude or behavior to match a perceived social
norm.
Conformity
Obedience, even when it is destructive, is more likely when:
the consequences are remote.
an authority figure is giving the command.
there is ambiguity in the situation.
The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called?
Conformity
Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He
notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. To
fit in with the others and to avoid any disapproval, Hammond also begins to do the
stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?
normative influence
Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram?
Seeing other participants refusing to press the shock levers
When the instructions to continue came from another participant
When the person being shocked was in the same room as the participant
Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority
of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's
perception of what most people are doing?
Descriptive norm
What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms?
Descriptive norms
In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer.
76%
Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others
to an extreme level?
Following orders from an authority figure
The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process?
Normative influence
Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the
same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique?
Word of mouth
Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive
messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?
inoculation
What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness?
Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three
factors
Which processing route focuses on logic and relevant material?
Central
Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically
attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example
of why this occurs?
Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character.
Which processing route relies on heuristics?
Peripheral
The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it
takes advantage of your need to be consistent.
Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining
out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to
go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?
sunk costs
Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by
a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what
social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?
reciprocity
Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:
not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened
Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name
brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but
because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand
shoes for himself by the following week.
social proof
When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an
example of:
reciprocity
What is the most effective way to protect from being persuaded?
To accept just how vulnerable we are
What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness?
Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three
factors
The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate
sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?
fixed action patterns (FAPs)
What is compared to a "recording" that always happens in the same way every time?
Fixed action patterns
Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he
starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his
friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to
the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what
persuasion trick?
door in the face
The Implicit Association Task (IAT) used in research, which records participants' reaction
times to categorizing objects, is measuring what type of attitude?
implicit attitude
Which of the following is an implicit attitude task: the task presents images of faces of men
and women and then measures the time it takes the research participant to label the photo
as good or bad?
evaluative priming task
The area of social psychological that focuses on how people think about others and about
the social world is called social __________.
cognition
Kari visited the doctor recently who told her she needed to start eating better or she is at
risk for a heart attack within the next few years. Kari is very motivated to view herself in a
positive light and doesn't like the news the doctor gave her. She wonders if the doctor's tests
could have been inaccurate. Kari's uncertainty over her health results from the doctor is an
example of what?
motivated skepticism
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about affective forecasting?
People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative
feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions.
Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?
John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late
assignment.
When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the
interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept?
chameleon effect
The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last.
This bias is a type of:
affective forecasting
How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter
new people or objects on a daily basis?
We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth
less effort to assess those new encounters.
People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are
known as:
heuristics
the development of _______________ has provided a new level of advantage for
gathering information from research participants at specific times, often randomly selected,
throughout a given day.
smartphones
Dr. Sharma wants to study the extent to which stress is related to suicidal ideation in people
who suffer from depression. She gathers information about the level of stress, depressive
symptoms, and suicidal thoughts a set of participants experience the day after they attend
the funeral of a loved one. Because this study is assessing people under conditions that are
not typical of everyday life, it is lacking in __________ validity.
ecological
the degree to which a study allows unambiguous casual inferences has _________.
internal validity
Dr. Fikshunal is interested in how our bodies respond to being excluded from a group.
Therefore, she decides to monitor the heart rate and cortisol levels of participants as they
engage in their environment and indicate experiences when they felt ostracized. In this
scenario, Dr. Fikshunal is:
studying daily physiology
researchers that study the online behavior of people focus on their:
virtual language behavior
Dru is reading about the different types of research. If he reads, "This type of research has
the primary advantage of allowing a scientist to determine cause and effect relationships,"
what kind of research method is he studying?
a laboratory experiment
Imagine that researchers were interested in learning about public support for gay marriage.
If the researchers analyzed Facebook posts regarding the acceptance or rejection of
homosexuality (via opinions in status updates, article posts, or groups they officially like),
they would be:
studying online behavior
the degree to which a study ensures that potential findings apply to settings and samples
other than the ones being studied refers to:
external validity
what type of research highlights causality, allowing the cause to be separated from the
effect?
laboratory experiments
it is important to design research experiments that are associated with real-world situations
in order to ___________ findings to a larger population
generalize
Dr. Tylka is conducting research about the risk of developing eating disorders in adolescent
boys. She concludes that her findings apply not only to the sample of high school boys she
studied, but to other males in other settings and contexts. In this regard, Dr. Tylka is stating
that her findings have high __________ validity.
external
____ refers to the degree to which causal inferences can be made in the study; ____ refers
to the degree that the study's findings can be applied to the larger population
internal: external
The ability to arrive at broad conclusions based on smaller ones is known as __________.
It requires that the sample under investigation be representative of the larger population
from which it was drawn
generalizability
When researchers take special care to include and control for every possible variable, the
study is likely to have high ___________, even though the results may not generalize to a
more realistic situation
internal validity
For Lindsey's dissertation, she has e-mails sent out to people 4 times a day for 4 weeks. In
these e-mails, she asks about current emotional experiences and activities. What method is
she using?
experience sampling
Dr. Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her
patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you a
in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on
her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular (heart) problems. One
issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean?
her results may not be true for the entire population
As a researcher, you decide that you are very interested in peoples' everyday behavior (i.e.,
daily social interactions and activities). Therefore, you decide to use an electronically
activated recorder, or EAR device, to capture the acoustic diary of participants' days as they
naturally unfold. In this scenario, you are:
studying daily behavior
The degree to which the effect, or findings, have been obtained under conditions that are
typical for what happens in everyday life and daily routines.
ecological validity
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