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ACLS Exam | American Heart Association
Standards Aligned | 2026/2027 Update |
Questions and Correct Answers | 100% correct
solutions
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Rate of chest compressions for adults 100-120 compressions per minute
Ratio of compressions to breaths in adults 30:2
Rate of bag valve mask ventilation for adults in
respiratory arrest
Once every 5-6 seconds or 10-12 times per minute
Treatments for hypotension following cardiac arrest IV dopamine infusion, IV epinephrine
infusion IV Ringer's lactate, IV normal
saline
The leader in team resuscitation must be able
to perform all the skills if needed.
Recommended ED door-to-balloon inflation time
for a STEMI patient
No longer than 90 minutes
Ways to estimate effectiveness of CPR Arterial diastolic blood pressure, quantitative waveform
capnography, central venous oxygen saturation
Best drug used for narrow complex supraventricular
tachycardia
Adenosine
Drug used for pulseless electrical activity Epinephrine
Sequence of basic life support Compressions, airway, breathing (CAB)
Initial dose of adenosine for treatment of
supraventricular tachycardia
6 mg IV
Heart rate at which tachycardia usually
becomes symptomatic
150 bpm
Longest duration for pulse check 10 seconds
Recommended initial dosage of atropine for
symptomatic bradycardia
0.5 mg IV
Recommended dose of oxygen during CPR 100%
Goal for initiation of fibrinolytic therapy in stroke
patients
Within 1 hour of ED arrival
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Common reversible causes of cardiac arrest ("H's
and T's")
Hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia, hydrogen ions (acidosis), hypo
/hyperkalemia
Tension pneumothorax, tamponade, thrombosis (coronary), thrombosis
(pulmonary), toxins
Best option for treatment of STEMI diagnosed in
ambulance via 12-lead ECG
Transport to PCI-capable hospital
Components of Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
(CPSS)
Facial droop, arm drift, speech abnormality
Asystole should be treated with all of the following Asystole should be treated with all of the following EXCEPT:
EXCEPT:
CPR
CPR Ventilations
Ventilations Defibrillation
Defibrillation Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Appropriate response to an AED that is having
problems analyzing rhythm
Continue chest compressions
Which of the following is treated with synchronized Which of the following is treated with synchronized shocks?
shocks?
Unstable atrial fibrillation
Unstable atrial fibrillation Sinus tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia VT without a pulse
VT without a pulse VF
VF
Dose for procainamide 20-50 mg/min
Drug that should be given to all acute coronary
syndrome (ACS) patients
Aspirin
Concentration of maintenance amiodarone drip 900 mg amiodarone in 500 mL D5W (1.8 mg/mL)
EMS dispatchers who recognize ACS symptoms
should instruct patients to:
Take aspirin
Longest acceptable delay in chest compressions 10 seconds
Persistent hypotension in a patient paced at an
adjusted rate of 75/minute
Other underlying cause for hypotension
Effective resuscitation requires an integrated
response known as:
A system of care
Intervention that may be helpful in cardiac arrest
patient with hypokalemia
Magnesium sulfate
Appropriate tidal volume with bag valve mask
ventilation
600 mL
Goal for PCI after arrival to hospital 90 minutes
Most common cause of upper airway obstruction in
unconscious patient
Loss of tone in throat muscles
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ABCD of BLS primary survey Airway, breathing, circulation, defibrillation
ABCD of ACLS secondary survey Airway, breathing, circulation, differential diagnosis
Risks associated with hyperventilation Increased intrathoracic pressure, leading to decreased venous
return/cardiac output
Target oxygen saturation 90%
Most commonly used method for providing positive-
pressure ventilation
Bag-mask ventilation
A rigid catheter type is more effective than a
soft catheter type when suctioning the
oropharynx.
Energy setting for monophasic defibrillator 360 J
Two most easily reversible causes of PEA Hypoxia and hypoglycemia
Cardiac arrest rhythm associated with no discernible
electrical activity on ECG
Asystole
Which of the following is not a recommended agent to
be
Which of the following is not a recommended agent to be administered to
patients
administered to patients under evaluation for ACS? under evaluation for ACS?
Morphine Morphine
Epinephrine Epinephrine
Aspirin Aspirin
Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin
Standard treatment procedure for patients with
STEMI
Reperfusion therapy
Rhythm disorder with a heart rate less than 60 bpm Bradycardia
Which of the following is an adverse sign of
bradycardia?
Which of the following is an adverse sign of bradycardia?
Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure
Hypertension Hypertension
Chest pain Chest pain
Impaired speech Impaired speech
Indications for transcutaneous pacing (TCP) Standby pacing, bradycardia with escape rhythms, hemodynamically
significant bradyarrhythmia
Rhythm disorder with a heart rate greater than 100
bpm
Tachyarrythmia
Which of the following is a recommended agent to be Which of the following is a recommended agent to be administered to
patients
administered to patients under evaluation for
unstable
under evaluation for unstable tachycardia?
tachycardia?
No agents are recommended
No agents are recommended Morphine
Morphine Oxygen
Oxygen Aspirin
Aspirin
Symptoms of unstable tachycardia Shortness of breath, altered mental status, fatigue
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8 D's of stroke care Detection, dispatch, delivery, door, data, decision, drug/device, disposition
Percentage of strokes that are caused by occlusion of
an artery to a region of brain (ischemic)
85%
Warning signs and symptoms of stroke Trouble speaking, dizziness, sudden severe headache, sudden confusion
Treatment for bradycardia due to acetylcholine Atropine
Adverse effects of excess use of sodium bicarbonate Hyperosmolarity, hypernatremia, cerebral
vasoconstriction during CPR
Thrombolytic door-to-drug administration time in a patient
Within 30
minutes with acute MI
Primary goal in initial resuscitation of a cardiac arrest Brain perfusion
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You find an unresponsive pt. who is not breathing. After Start chest compressions of at least 100 per
min. activating the emergency response system, you determine
there is no pulse. What is your next action?
You are evaluating a 58-year-old man with chest pain. The Obtaining a 12 lead
ECG. blood pressure is 92/50 mm Hg, the heart rate is 92/min,
the nonlabored respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min,
and the pulse oximetry reading is 97%. What
assessment step is most important now?
What is the preferred method of access for epi Peripheral
IV administration during cardiac arrest in most pts?
An AED does not promptly analyze a rythm. What is your Begin chest
compressions. next step?
You have completed 2 minutes of CPR. The ECG monitor Administer 1mg of
epinephrine displays the lead II rhythm below, and the patient has no
pulse. Another member of your team resumes chest
compressions, and an IV is in place. What
management step is your next priority?
During a pause in CPR, you see this lead II ECG rhythm Resume
compressions on the monitor. The patient has no pulse. What is the next
action?
What is a common but sometimes fatal mistake in cardiac Prolonged interruptions in chest
compressions. arrest management?
Which action is a componant of high-quality chest Allowing complete chest
recoil comressions?
Which action increases the chance of successful Providing quality compressions immediately before a
defibrillation attempt. conversion of ventricular fibrillation?
Which situation BEST describes pulseless electrical Sinus rythm without a
pulse activity?
What is the BEST strategy for performing high-quality CPR Provide continuous chest compressions without pauses and
10 ventilations per on a patient with an advanced airway in place? minute.
Three minutes after witnessing a cardiac arrest, one Chest compressions may not be
effective. member of your team inserts an endotracheal tube while
another performs continuous chest compressions.
During subsequent ventilation, you notice the
presence of a waveform on the capnography screen
and a PETCO2 level of 8 mm Hg. What is the
significance of this finding?
The use of quantitative capnography in intubated patients allows for monitoring of CPR quality.
For the past 25 minutes, an EMS crew has attempted Consider terminating resuscitive efforts after consulting
medical control. resuscitation of a patient who originally presented in
ventricular fibrillation. After the first shock, the ECG
screen displayed asystole, which has persisted
despite 2 doses of epinephrine, a fluid bolus, and
high-quality CPR. What is your next treatment?
Which is a safe and effective practice within the Be sure oxygen is not blowing over the patient's chest during the
shock. defibrillation sequence?
During your assessment, your patient suddenly loses Begin chest
compressions. consciousness. After calling for help and determining that
the patient is not breathing, you are unsure whether
the patient has a pulse. What is your next action?
What is an advantage of using hands-free defibrillation Hands-free pads allow for a more rapid
defibrillation. pads instead of defibrillation paddles?
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What action is recommended to help minimize Continue CPR while charging the
defibrillator. interruptions in chest compressions during CPR?
Which action is included in the BLS survey? Early defibrillation
Which drug and dose are recommended for the Amioderone
300mg management of a patient in refractory ventricular
fibrillation?
What is the appropriate interval for an interruption in chest 10
seconds or less compressions?
Which of the following is a sign of effective CPR? PETCO2 ≥10 mm Hg
What is the primary purpose of a medical emergency team Identifying and treating early clinical
deterioration. (MET) or rapid response team (RRT)?
Which action improves the quality of chest compressions Switch providers about every 2 minutes or every 5
compression cycles. delivered during a resuscitation attempt?
What is the appropriate ventilation strategy for an adult in 1 breath every 5-6
seconds respiratory arrest with a pulse rate of 80/min?
A patient presents to the emergency department with new Atropine
0.5mg onset of dizziness and fatigue. On examination, the
patient's heart rate is 35/min, the blood pressure is
70/50 mm Hg, the respiratory rate is 22
breaths/min, and the oxygen saturation is 95%.
What is the appropriate first medication?
A patient with dizziness and shortness of breath with a 2 to 10 mcg/kg per
minute sinus bradycardia of 40/min. The initial atropine dose was
ineffective, and your monitor/defibrillator is not
equipped with a transcutaneous pacemaker. What is
the appropriate dose of dopamine for this patient?
A patient has sudden onset of dizziness. The patient's Vagal
manuever. heart rate is 180/min, blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg,
respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min, and pulse
oximetry reading is 98% on room air. The lead
II ECG is shown below:
A monitored patient in the ICU developed a sudden onset Adenosine 6mg IV
push of narrow-complex tachycardia at a rate of 220/min. The
patient's blood pressure is 128/58 mm Hg, the
PETCO2 is 38 mm Hg, and the pulse oximetry
reading is 98%. There is vascular access at the left
internal jugular vein, and the patient has not been
given any vasoactive drugs. A 12- lead ECG
confirms a supraventricular tachycardia with no
evidence of ischemia or infarction. The heart rate
has not responded to vagal maneuvers. What is the
next recommended intervention?
You are receiving a radio report from an EMS team en Divert the patient to a hospital 15 minutes away with CT
capabilities. route with a patient who may be having an acute stroke.
The hospital CT scanner is not working at this time.
What should you do in this situation?
Choose an appropriate indication to stop or withhold Evidence of rigor
mortis. resuscitative efforts.
A 49-year-old woman arrives in the emergency department Obtain a
12 lead ECG. with persistent epigastric pain. She had been taking oral
antacids for the past 6 hours because she thought
she had heartburn. The initial blood pressure is
118/72 mm Hg, the heart rate is 92/min and regular,
the nonlabored respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min,
and the pulse oximetry reading is 96%. Which is the
most appropriate intervention to perform next?
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A patient in respiratory failure becomes apneic but Simple airway manuevers and assisted
ventilations. continues to have a strong pulse. The heart rate is
dropping rapidly and now shows a sinus bradycardia
at a rate of 30/min. What intervention has the
highest priority?
What is the appropriate procedure for endotracheal tube Suction during withdrawal but for no longer than 10
seconds. suctioning after the appropriate catheter is selected?
While treating a patient with dizziness, a blood pressure of
Atropine
0.5mg 68/30 mm Hg, and cool, clammy skin, you see this lead II
ECG rhythm:What is the first intervention ?
A 68-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of right Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
assessment arm weakness. EMS personnel measure a blood pressure
of 140/90 mm Hg, a heart rate of 78/min, a
nonlabored respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min, and
a pulse oximetry reading of 97%. The lead II ECG
displays sinus rhythm. What is the most appropriate
action for the EMS team to perform next?
EMS is transporting a patient with a positive prehospital Head CT
scan stroke assessment. Upon arrival in the emergency
department, the initial blood pressure is 138/78
mm Hg, the pulse rate is 80/min, the respiratory
rate is 12 breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry
reading is 95% on room air. The lead II ECG
displays sinus rhythm. The blood glucose level is
within normal limits. What intervention should
you perform next?
What is the proper ventilation rate for a patient in cardiac 8-10 breaths per
minute arrest who has an advanced airway in place?
A 62-year-old man in the emergency department says that Obtain a 12 lead
ECG. his heart is beating fast. He says he has no chest pain or
shortness of breath. The blood pressure is 142/98
mm Hg, the pulse is 200/min, the respiratory rate is
14 breaths/min, and pulse oximetry is 95% on room
air. What intervention should you perform next?
You are evaluating a 48-year-old man with crushing Synchronized
cardioversion substernal chest pain. The patient is pale, diaphoretic, cool
to the touch, and slow to respond to your questions.
The blood pressure is 58/32 mm Hg, the heart rate
is 190/min, the respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min,
and the pulse oximeter is unable to obtain a reading
because there is no radial pulse. The lead II ECG
displays a regular wide- complex tachycardia. What
intervention should you perform next?
What is the initial priority for an unconscious patient with Determine whether pulses are
present. any tachycardia on the monitor?
Which rhythm requires synchronized cardioversion? Unstable supraventricular tachycardia
What is the recommended second dose of adenosine for
12m
g patients in refractory but stable narrow-complex
tachycardia?
What is the usual post-cardiac arrest target range for 35-40mm
Hg PETCO2 when ventilating a patient who achieves return of
spontaneous circulation (ROSC)?
Which condition is a contraindication to therapeutic Responding to verbal
commands hypothermia during the post-cardiac arrest period for
patients who achieve return of spontaneous
circulation ROSC?
What is the potential danger of using ties that pass Obstruction of venous return from the
brain circumferentially around the patient's neck when securing
an advanced airway?
What is the most reliable method of confirming and Continuous waveform
capnography monitoring correct placement of an endotracheal tube?
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hat is the recommended IV fluid (normal saline or Ringer's
1 to 2
Liters lactate) bolus dose for a patient who achieves ROSC but is
hypotensive during the post-cardiac arrest period?
What is the minimum systolic blood pressure one should
90mm
Hg attempt to achieve with fluid, inotropic, or vasopressor
administration in a hypotensive post-cardiac arrest
patient who achieves ROSC?
What is the first treatment priority for a patient who Optimizing ventilation and
oxygenation. achieves ROSC?
What should be done to minimize interruptions in chest Continue CPR while the defibrillator is
charging. compressions during CPR?
Which condition is an indication to stop or withhold Safety threat to
providers resuscitative efforts?
After verifying the absence of a pulse, you initiate CPR IV or IO
access with adequate bag-mask ventilation. The patient's lead II
ECG appears below. What is your next action?
After verifying unresponsiveness and abnormal breathing, Check for a
pulse. you activate the emergency response team. What is your
next action?
What is the recommendation on the use of cricoid pressure Not recommended
for routine use to prevent aspiration during cardiac arrest?
What survival advantages does CPR provide to a patient inProduces a small amount of blood flow to
the heart ventricular fibrillation?
What is the recommended compression rate for performing At least
100 per minute CPR?
EMS personnel arrive to find a patient in cardiac arrest.
defibrillati
on Bystanders are performing CPR. After attaching a cardiac
monitor, the responder observes the following
rhythm strip. What is the most important early
intervention?
A patient remains in ventricular fibrillation despite 1 shock administer a
second shock. and 2 minutes of continuous CPR. The next intervention is
to
What is the recommended next step after a defibrillation Begin CPR, starting with chest
compressions. attempt?
Which of the following is the recommended first choice for
Antecubital
vein establishing intravenous access during the attempted
resuscitation of a patient in cardiac arrest?
Which finding is a sign of ineffective CPR? PETCO2 <10 mm Hg
How often should the team leader switch chest . Every 2
minutes compressors during a resuscitation attempt?
IV/IO drug administration during CPR should be given rapidly during compressions
What is the recommended first intravenous dose of 300
mg amiodarone for a patient with refractory ventricular
fibrillation?
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A team leader orders 1 mg of epinephrine, and a team Closed-loop
communication member verbally acknowledges when the medication is
administered. What element of effective
resuscitation team dynamics does this represent?
How long should it take to perform a pulse check during 5 to 10
seconds the BLS Survey?
Your rescue team arrives to find a 59-year-old man lying Check the patient's
pulse. on the kitchen floor. You determine that he is unresponsive
and notice that he is taking agonal breaths. What is
the next step in your assessment and management
of this patient?
An AED advises a shock for a pulseless patient lying in Administer the shock immediately and continue as directed by
the AED. snow. What is the next action?
Which treatment or medication is appropriate for the
Epinephri
ne treatment of a patient in asystole?
What is the minimum depth of chest compressions for an 2
inches adult in cardiac arrest?
A patient with pulseless ventricular tachycardia is Start chest compressions at a rate of at least
100/min. defibrillated. What is the next action?
You have completed your first 2-minute period of CPR. You Have a team member attempt to
palpate a carotid pulse. see an organized, nonshockable rhythm on the ECG
monitor. What is the next action?
Emergency medical responders are unable to obtain a Intraosseous
(IO) peripheral IV for a patient in cardiac arrest. What is the
next most preferred route for drug administration?
What is the appropriate rate of chest compressions for an At least
100/min adult in cardiac arrest?
You are receiving a radio report from an EMS team en Divert the patient to a hospital 15 minutes away with CT
capabilities. route with a patient who may be having an acute stroke.
The hospital CT scanner is not working at this time.
What should you do in this situation?
A 53-year-old man has shortness of breath, chest Vagal
maneuvers discomfort, and weakness. The patient's blood pressure is
102/59 mm Hg, the heart rate is 230/min, the
respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min, and the pulse
oximetry reading is 96%. The lead II ECG is
displayed below. A patent
peripheral IV is in place. What is the next action?
A 49-year-old man has retrosternal chest pain radiating Administer 2 to 4 mg of morphine by slow IV
bolus. into the left arm. The patient is diaphoretic, with associated
shortness of breath. The blood pressure is 130/88
mm Hg, the heart rate is 110/min, the respiratory
rate is 22 breaths/min, and the pulse oximetry
value is 95%. The patient's 12-lead ECG shows ST
segment elevation in the anterior leads. First
responders administered 160 mg of aspirin, and
there is a patent peripheral IV. The pain is
described as an 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 and is
unrelieved after 3 doses of nitroglycerin. What is
the next action?
A 56-year-old man reports that he has palpitations but not Seeking expert
consultation chest pain or difficulty breathing. The blood pressure is
132/68 mm Hg, the pulse is 130/min and regular,
the respiratory rate is 12 breaths/min, and the pulse
oximetry reading is 95%. The lead II ECG displays a
wide-complex tachycardia. What is the next action
after establishing an IV and obtaining a 12-lead
ECG?
A postoperative patient in the ICU reports new chest pain. Obtain a 12-lead ECG and administer aspirin if not
contraindicated. What actions have the highest priority?
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An 80-year-old woman presents to the emergency Conduct a problem-focused history and physical
examination. department with dizziness. She now states she is
asymptomatic after walking around. Her blood
pressure is 102/72 mm Hg. She is alert and
oriented. Her lead II ECG is below. After you start
an IV, what is the next action?
What is the recommended oral dose of aspirin for patients 160 to 325
mg suspected of having one of the acute coronary
syndromes?
A responder is caring for a patient with a history of stable supraventricular
tachycardia congestive heart failure. The patient is experiencing
shortness of breath, a blood pressure of 68/50 mm
Hg, and a heart rate of 190/min. The patient's lead
II ECG is displayed below.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a rapidly Synchronized
cardioversion deteriorating patient who has this lead II ECG?
What is the purpose of a medical emergency team (MET) Improving patient outcomes by identifying and treating early clinical
deterioration or rapid response team (RRT)?
What is the recommended assisted ventilation rate for 10 to 12 breaths per
minute patients in respiratory arrest with a perfusing rhythm?
Family members found a 45-year-old woman unresponsive Performing a head tilt
chin lift maneuver in bed. The patient is unconscious and in respiratory
arrest. What is the recommended initial airway
management technique?
A patient in respiratory distress and with a blood pressure Synchronized
cardioversion of 70/50 mm Hg presents with the following lead II ECG
rhythm:
What is the appropriate next intervention?
A patient has a witnessed loss of consciousness. The lead
Defibrillati
on II ECG reveals this rhythm:
What is the appropriate next intervention?
What is the recommended energy dose for biphasic
120to20
0J synchronized cardioversion of atrial fibrillation?
Which of the following is an acceptable method of Measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the
mandible. selecting an appropriately sized oropharyngeal airway
(OPA)?
Which is a contraindication to nitroglycerin administration Right ventricular
infarction and dysfunction in the management of acute coronary syndromes?
What is the recommended initial intervention for managing Administration of IV
or IO fluid bolus hypotension in the immediate period after return of
spontaneous circulation (ROSC)?
Which is an appropriate and important intervention to Transport the patient to a facility capable of
performing PCI. perform for a patient who achieves ROSC during an out-of-
hospital resuscitation?
What is the immediate danger of excessive ventilation Decreased cerebral blood
flow during the post-cardiac arrest period for patients who
achieve ROSC?
What is the recommended target temperature range for 32°C to
34°C achieving therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest?
What is the recommended duration of therapeutic 12 to 24
hours hypothermia after reaching the target temperature?
What is the danger of routinely administering high Potential oxygen
toxicity concentrations of oxygen during the post- cardiac arrest
period for patients who achieve ROSC?
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What is the recommended dose of epinephrine for the 0.1 to 0.5 mcg/kg per minute IV
infusion treatment of hypotension in a post- cardiac arrest patient
who achieves ROSC?
You have completed 2 min of CPR. The ECG monitor Administer 1mg of
epinephrine displays the lead below (PEA) and the patient has no
pulse. You partner resumes chest compressions and
an IV is in place. What management step is your
next priority?
A patient is in refractory ventricular fibrillation and has 150 mg IV
push received multiple appropriate defibrillation shocks,
epinephrine 1 mg IV twice, and an initial dose of
300 mg amiodarone IV. The patient is intubated. A
second dose of amiodarone is now called for. The
recommend second dose of amiodarone is ?
A patient is in refractory ventricular fibrillation. High CPR is second dose of
epinephrine 1 mg in progress and shocks have been given. One dose of
epinephrine was given after the second shock. An
anti arrhythmic drug was given immediately after
the the third shock. What drug should the team
leader request to be prepared for administration
next?
A patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Two amiodarone 300
mg shocks and 1 dose of epinephrine has been given. Which
is the next drug to anticipate to administer?
You are monitoring a patient with chest discomfort who Give a single
shock suddenly becomes unresponsive. You observe the
following rhythm on the cardiac monitor. A
defibrillator is present. What is your first action?
what do you do after return of spontaneous circulation maintain O2 sat at 94%
treat hypotension (fluids
vasopressor) 12 lead EKG
if in coma consider hypothermia
if not in coma and ekg shows STEMI or AMI consider re-perfusion
what are the 5 h's and 5 t's
hypovole
mia
hypoxia
hydrogen ion
(acidosis)
hypo/hyperkalemia
hypothermia
tension
pneumothorax
tamponade, cardiac
toxins
thrombosis,
pulmonary
thrombosis, coronary
Bradycardia require treatment when? chest pain or shortness of breath is present
how do you treat non-symptomatic bradycardia monitor and observe
what constitutes symptomatic bradycardia hypotension
altered mental
status signs of shock
chest pain
acute heart failure
A patient with sinus bradycardia and a heart rate of 42 has 0.5
mg diaphoresis and blood pressure of 80/60. What is the
initial
dose of atropine?
how do you treat symptomatic bradycardia give 0.5mg atropine every 3-5 mins to max of 3mg
if that doesn't work try one of the following:
transcutaneous pacing
2-10mcg/kg / minute dopamine
infusion 2-10mcg per minute
epinephrine infusion
what is considered a tachycardia requiring treatment over 150 per minute
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when do you consider cardioversion if persistent tachycardia is
causing: hypotension
altered mental
status signs of shock
chest pain
acute heart failure
if persistent tachycardia does not present with symptoms wide QRS?
what do you need to consider greater than 0.12 seconds
Your patient has been intubated. IV/IVO access is not Lidocaine, epinephrine,
vasopressin available. Which combination of drugs can be administered
by endotracheal route?
reentry supraventricular tachycardia
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia - aka torsades
atrial fibrilation
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sinus tachycardia
coarse ventricular fibrillation
atrial flutter
reentry supraventricular tachycardia
sinus bradycardia
monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
fine ventricular fibrillation
second degree AV block type 1 wenckenbach
second degree AV block mobitz type 2
third degree AV block
asystole
normal sinus rhythm
pulseless electrical activity
agonal rhythm/asystole
The five links in the adult Chain of Survival 1- Immediate activation of EMS
2- Early CPR
3- Rapid defibrillation (not in peds)
4- Effective advanced life support
5- Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
Type of breaths (not normal) that may be present in the Agonal
gasps first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest
To place the pads on the victims bare chest, Place one to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches
below the pad on the upper-right chest (below the collarbone) and armpit
place the other pad
If the heart muscle resets and initiates an organized ROSC return of spontaneous
circulation rhythm this is called
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